: Look for cameras with "Full-time Color Night Vision," such as those from

are preferred for local storage (MicroSD/DVR) to avoid monthly subscription fees [21, 26]. Night Vision

Most network cameras do not have a built-in screen showing their IP address. Instead, they use (e.g., to port 3702 for WS-Discovery or manufacturer-specific ports like 8080). Upon boot, a camera sends a UDP packet to 255.255.255.255 saying, “I am a camera with MAC address XX:XX.” A discovery tool listening on the same subnet receives this packet. The advantage of UDP here is statelessness: the camera does not need a handshake to announce its presence, allowing dozens of cameras to be discovered simultaneously without TCP overhead.

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